A bolt carrier group, or BCG, is a crucial component of an AR-15 rifle. It is responsible for housing the bolt and carrier assembly, which are the parts of the rifle that cycle the ammunition. The BCG is what allows your AR-15 to fire automatically.
The most important part of the quality bolt carrier group is the bolt carrier assembly. This is the part that contains the bolt and carrier, which are responsible for chambering and firing rounds. There are two main types of bolt carrier groups—mil-spec and commercial. Mil-spec bolt carrier groups are designed to meet the standards set by the U.S. Military, while commercial bolt carrier groups are designed for the civilian market.
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Mil-spec bolt carrier groups are made from 8620 steel, which is a high-carbon steel that is highly resistant to wear and tear. The bolts are made from Carpenter 158 steel, which is a high-strength steel that is resistant to fracturing. The carriers are heat treated and finished with a black phosphate coating, which protects against corrosion and makes it easier to clean.
Commercial bolt carrier groups are typically made from 9310 steel, which is a high-strength alloy steel that is also highly resistant to wear and tear. The bolts are usually made from A2 tool steel, which is a high-carbon steel that is known for its hardness and strength.